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Frank Hawkins Underhill, (November 26, 1889 – September 16, 1971) was a Canadian journalist, essayist, historian, social critic and political thinker. Frank Underhill, born in Stouffville, Ontario, was educated at the University of Toronto and the University of Oxford where he was a member of the Fabian Society. He was influenced by social and political critics such as Bernard Shaw and Goldwin Smith. He taught history at the University of Saskatchewan from 1914 until 1927 with a long interruption during World War I during which he served as an officer in the Hertfordshire Regiment of the British Army on the Western Front. He also taught from 1927 until 1955 at the University of Toronto. He left the University of Toronto due to a dispute with the administration and later joined the faculty at Carleton University.〔Garth, Stevenson. (“Frank Underhill," ),”''The Canadian Encyclopedia''”, Historica Foundation, 2009. 〕 During the Great Depression, Underhill joined several other left wing academics in forming the League for Social Reconstruction.〔Francis, Douglas R. ''Frank H. Underhill: Intellectual Provocateur''. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1986. ISBN 0-8020-2545-5〕 He was also a founder of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and helped write its Regina Manifesto in 1933. He joined the editorial staff of the leftist ''Canadian Forum'' in 1927 where he wrote a column of political commentary called "O Canada" from 1929 on and served for a time as chair of that journal's editorial board.〔“Frank Underhill.” ''Contemporary Authors Online''. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Gale, Farmington Hills, Mich., 2009.〕 Despite these progressive leanings, Underhill had a conservative view of the historical profession and impeded the careers of several women historians.〔Wright, Donald. ''The Professionalization of History in English Canada''. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8020-3928-6〕 During World War II, Underhill moved away from socialism and became a left-wing liberal continentalist.〔Bicha, Karel D. “Five Canadian Historians and the U.S.A.” ''American Review of Canadian Studies'', Vol. 29, 1999.〕 He remained a committed anti-imperialist and was almost dismissed from the University of Toronto in 1941 for suggesting that Canada would drift away from the British Empire and draw closer to the United States. His struggle with the university became a landmark in the history of academic freedom in Canada.〔Horn, Michiel. (''Academic Freedom in Canada: A History'' ), University of Toronto Press: Toronto, 1999. ISBN 0-8020-0726-0, Google Print, p. 154.〕 Underhill's most important writings are collected in the 1960 book of essays, ''In Search of Canadian Liberalism''. In the essays Underhill covered many Canadian concerns such as politics before and after the Canadian Confederation, relations with the United States and Britain and assessments of the actions of Canadian public figures. The essays were praised in the ''Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature'' for their "iconoclasm and trenchant wit often bordering on sarcasm." Underhill's other notable works include ''Canadian Political Parties'', 1957; ''The Image of Confederation'', 1964; and ''Upper Canadian Politics in the 1850s'', 1967.〔contempauthor〕 Underhill was a strong supporter of the United States during the Cold War. He also became a supporter of the Liberal Party of Canada, particularly once his long-time friend, Lester Pearson joined the government. In his later years, Underhill served as a lecturer and Chair of the Department of History at Carleton University in Ottawa.〔Dewar, Kenneth C. (“Frank Underhill: Intellectual in Search of a Role," ),”''The Underhill Review,''”Fall 2008. 〕 Carleton University has named a major reading room 〔(Underhill Reading Room ), Carleton University〕 and the Underhill Graduate Student Colloquium—the longest running graduate colloquium in Canada—in memory of the former Chair.〔(History Graduate Students' Association ), Carleton University〕 In 1967, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Frank Underhill」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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